Security Features Of A Firewall - 1707 Words

The first requirement is that the company must install and maintain a firewall that is properly configured to protect cardholders’ data. All computer systems shall be protected from unauthorized access by untrusted networks. A firewall shall be always be used when entering the system from the Internet as e-commerce, employee Internet access through a desktop browser, employee-email access, a dedicated connection such as business-to-business connections, via wireless networks, or other sources. There needs to be a recognized process that approves and tests all network connections and any changes to system configurations. A current network diagram that depicts all network connections should be also be created, verified, and updated†¦show more content†¦Administrators should remove default passwords and disable unnecessary default accounts and non-essential functionality before the devices are installed on the network. An inventory of system components that are a part of the cycle for PCI DSS must be maintained. Requirement number three is to protect stored cardholder data using encryption, truncation, masking and hashing as part of the cardholder data protection. If a hacker manages to bypass the security protection and get access to the encrypted data, the information is unreadable and useless without the correct cryptographic key. Only the minimal amount of cardholder data should be stored whenever possible. There should also be policies for data retention and disposal procedures of cardholder data storage. Only store the minimal data needed, do not store the entire track of contents of magnetic strips, card verification code, or PIN number. PAN numbers must be rendered unreadable anywhere they are stored. Cryptographic keys should be stored in as few locations as possible and under secure encrypted devices. The fourth requirement states that the entities must encrypt transmission of cardholder data when done across open or public networks. It is required that entities use strong cryptography and security protocols to maintain security of cardholder data during transmission. You should never send PAN information by email, instant messaging, chat, or other messaging technology.

Mr. J. K. F. Scott Golding s The Silver Wedding Essay

Mrs. Alex Vankoughnett died on a Sunday, January 13, 1963, 6 days shy of her 84th birthday. She was still baking her celebrated bread for in the last year she used 800 lbs of flour for the purpose. The local Dr. K. A. Denholm stated â€Å"she was one of the best of Victorian Puritans of Canada† and showing his deep appreciation for her, quotes the 18th century doctor and poet Oliver Goldsmith â€Å"She made her life interesting† and then John Milton: Servant of God well done! Well has’t thou fought the better fight. Robert Frederick (June 10, 1898-April 13, 1959) Annie May Cowley (1893-1978) First son and World War I veteran, Robert Fredrick or Fred celebrated the silver wedding anniversary with his wife Annie May Cowley on March 27, 1943. They were married at Goldalming Anglican church in England. For the first two years of the war Fred instructed his compatriots in the use of rifle and bayonets in England, finally giving it up for action in France. There he was gassed and severely wounded by a mortar shell, received shrapnel to the side of his head that also blew out an ear drum. He was sent back to England to convalesce. It is during this convalescent period that he met Annie May Cowley of Upton on Severn Worchester and there they had Helen Maud their first child on April 16, 1919. With the $5 Fred earned for his war effort, the family of three headed back towards Crane Lake in August of 1919 where he spent the rest of his life. The trip from civilized England to the backwoods of

Eurasian Mesolithic Period Origins of Domestication

The Mesolithic period (basically meaning middle stone) is traditionally that time period in the Old World between the last glaciation at the end of the Paleolithic (~12,000 years ago ore 10,000 BCE) and the beginning of the Neolithic (~5000 BCE), when farming communities began to be established. During the first three thousand years of what scholars recognize as the Mesolithic, a period of climatic instability made life difficult in Europe, with gradual warming abruptly switching to 1,200 years of very cold dry weather called the Younger Dryas. By 9,000 BCE, the climate had stabilized to close to what it is today. During the Mesolithic, humans learned to hunt in groups and to fish  and began to learn how to domesticate animals and plants. Climate Change and the Mesolithic Climate changes during the Mesolithic included the retreat of the Pleistocene glaciers, a steep rise in sea levels, and the extinction of megafauna (large-bodied animals). These changes were accompanied by a growth in forests and a major redistribution of animals and plants. After the climate stabilized, people moved northward into previously glaciated areas  and adopted new subsistence methods. Hunters targeted medium-bodied animals like red and roe deer, auroch, elk, sheep, goat, and ibex. Marine mammals, fish, and shellfish were heavily used in coastal areas, and huge shell middens are associated with Mesolithic sites along the coasts throughout Europe and the Mediterranean. Plant resources such as hazelnuts, acorns, and nettles became an important part of Mesolithic diets. Mesolithic Technology During the Mesolithic period, humans began the first steps in land management. Swamps and wetlands were purposely burned, chipped and ground stone axes were used to cut down trees for fires, and for constructing living quarters and fishing vessels. Stone tools were made from microliths—tiny chips of stone made from blades or bladelets and set into toothed slots in bone or antler shafts. Tools made of composite material—bone, antler, wood combined with stone—were used to create a variety of harpoons, arrows, and fish hooks. Nets and seines were developed for fishing and trapping small game; the first fish weirs, deliberate traps placed in streams, were constructed. Boats and canoes were built, and the first roads called wooden trackways were built to safely cross wetlands. Pottery and ground stone tools were first made during the Late Mesolithic, although they did not come into prominence until the Neolithic. Settlement Patterns of the Mesolithic Reconstruction of a Mesolithic hut, at ArcheoLink in Aberdeen, Scotland. Kenny Kennford / 500Px Plus / Getty Images Mesolithic hunter-gatherers moved seasonally, following animal migrations and plant changes. In many areas, large permanent or semi-permanent communities were located on the coasts, with smaller temporary hunting camps located further inland. Mesolithic houses had sunken floors, which varied in outline from round to rectangular, and were built of wooden posts around a central hearth. Interactions between Mesolithic groups included the widespread exchange of raw materials and finished tools; genetic data suggest that there was also large-scale population movement and intermarriage across Eurasia. Recent archaeological studies have convinced archaeologists that Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were instrumental in beginning the long slow process of domesticating plants and animals. The traditional switch to Neolithic ways of life was fueled in part by an intensifying emphasis on those resources, rather than the fact of domestication. Mesolithic Art and Ritual Behaviors Decidedly unlike the predecessor Upper Paleolithic art, Mesolithic art is geometric, with a restricted range of colors, dominated by the use of red ochre. Other art objects include painted pebbles, ground stone beads, pierced shells and teeth, and amber. Artifacts found at the Mesolithic site of Star Carr included some red deer antler headdresses. The Mesolithic period also saw the first small cemeteries; the largest so far discovered is at Skateholm in Sweden, with 65 interments. Burials varied: some were inhumations, some cremations, some highly ritualized skull nests associated with evidence of large-scale violence. Some of the burials included grave goods, such as tools, jewelry, shells, and animal and human figurines. Archaeologists have suggested that these are evidence of the emergence of social stratification. Megalithic tomb near Lacken-Granitz, Ruegen, or Rugia, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. Hans Zaglitsch / imageBROKER / Getty Images The first megalithic tombs—collective burial places constructed of large stone blocks—were constructed at the end of the Mesolithic period. The oldest of these are in the Upper Alentejo region of Portugal and along the Brittany coast; they were constructed between 4700–4500 BCE. Warfare in the Mesolithic In general, hunter-gather-fishers such as the Mesolithic people of Europe exhibit significantly lower levels of violence than do herders and horticulturalists.  But, by the end of the Mesolithic, ~5000 BCE, a very high percentage of skeletons recovered from Mesolithic burials show some evidence of violence: 44 percent in Denmark; 20 percent in Sweden and France. Archaeologists suggest that the violence arose towards the end of the Mesolithic because of social pressure resulting from competition for resources, as Neolithic farmers vied with hunter-gatherers over rights to land. Selected Sources Allaby, R. G. Evolution . Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Biology. Ed. Kliman, Richard M. Oxford: Academic Press, 2016. 19–24. Print.and Agriculture I. The Evolution of DomesticationBailey, G. Archaeological Records: Postglacial Adaptations. Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science (Second Edition). Ed. Mock, Cary J. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2013. 154–59. Print.Boyd, Brian. Archaeology and Human-Animal Relations: Thinking through Anthropocentrism. Annual Review of Anthropology 46.1 (2017): 299–316. Print.Gà ¼nther, Torsten, and Mattias Jakobsson. Genes Mirror Migrations and Cultures in Prehistoric Europe—a Population Genomic Perspective. Current Opinion in Genetics Development 41 (2016): 115–23. Print.Lee, Richard B. Hunter-Gatherers and Human Evolution: New Light on Old Debates. Annual Review of Anthropology 47.1 (2018): 513–31. Print.Petraglia, M. D., and R. Dennell. Archaeological Records: Global Expansion 300,000–8000 Years Ago, Asia. Encyclo pedia of Quaternary Science (Second Edition). Ed. Mock, Cary J. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2013. 98–107. Print.Sà ©gurel, Laure, and Cà ©line Bon. On the Evolution of Lactase Persistence in Humans. Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 18.1 (2017): 297–319. Print.

The Feminist Movement Of Women Essay - 1739 Words

Miller’s work helped to shed light on the intersectionality of women’s movements, not everyone agreed on what changes feminism should bring or if it should exist at all in Mexican society. Before her work, â€Å"there existed a generally accepted assumption among politically active women that their common interests as women—in gaining the vote, in health care, in education --- cut across class backgrounds and ideological orientations.† This was most certainly not the case in Mexico, as Miller found out, being involved in the feminist movement meant that women risked â€Å"losing not only respectability but their claim, as women and mothers, to the protection of society.† Women played a major role in the protection of the longevity of societal norms, as they trained the next generation. This idea was so entrenched in the Mexican social mores that women involved in the feminist movement were considered to not be decent mothers or women. This led to a counter-movement by the Union of Catholic Women of Mexico that â€Å"asserted that women place was in the home, and equated socialism with free love and feminism.† Miller’s book fits well with the other revisionist history work that is going on during the late 1980s and 1990s. She notes that revisionist work has been going on in all disciplines, not just history, â€Å"For nearly two decades, scholars and activists have painstakingly reexamined every field of human endeavor to reconquer—revindivar---a space for women in history, literature,Show MoreRelatedWomen And The Feminist Movement1677 Words   |  7 PagesThat â€Å"women live dispersed among men† is the unifying condition of women and the feminist movement (de Beauvoir 8). Beyond that, differences in culture, in privilege, in circumstance all speak of the community that never was. Even so, both history and current conversation speak of women as though they were a unified group. 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Women said Miss America was oppressive and asRead MoreCritically Examine How Black Feminism Emerged And Assess1229 Words   |  5 Pagesassess its impact on contemporary feminist theory. Answer with reference to intersectionality and ‘difference . feminism means the equality between men and women in social, political and social standing. There are many different types of feminism that women have adopted that they best feel aligns with their perspectives of the world. This essay will mainly be focusing black feminism that was developed in the 1960s. The essay will examine why the black feminism movement and theories emerged and howRead MoreNew ‘F’ Word: Feminist874 Words   |  4 PagesFeminist. A word that contemporary society has refused to acknowledge the history of has become negatively associated as anti-men. A word that once was associated with women who fought for the rights that women today use and abuse is now scrutinized. Thus leading women of our generation who have feminist beliefs to deny being identified as feminists. The idea of the word feminist having a negative connotation is dangerous to the women of our generation. To grasp the full understanding of the misconceptionRead MoreThe Importance Of Being A Black Woman Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pagespoet, author, feminist, and civil rights activist. Most of her works explored the concept of being a black woman in this society; therefore her literature and theories were based on her experiences. Race, sexuality, and gender were her main focal points throughout her career. When speaking from a feminist perspective, Lorde based her thoughts on the â€Å"theory of difference, which focuses on the binary differences between males and females, which is the opposite of traditional feminist theory (the thought

Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 24-25 Free Essays

string(57) " the fog of flour, smoke, and soot that hung in the air\." 24 AUGUSTUS BRINE Augustus Brine was sitting in his pickup, parked a block away from Jenny’s house. In the morning twilight he could just make out the outline of Jenny’s Toyota and an old Chevy parked in front. The king of the Djinn sat in the passenger seat next to Brine, his rheumy blue eyes just clearing the dashboard. We will write a custom essay sample on Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 24-25 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Brine was sipping from a cup of his special secret roast coffee. The thermos was empty and he was savoring the last full cup. The last cup, perhaps, that he would ever drink. He tried to call up a Zen calm, but it was not forthcoming and he berated himself; trying to think about it pushed it farther from his grasp. â€Å"Like trying to bite the teeth,† the Zen proverb went. â€Å"There is not only nothing to grasp, but nothing with which to grasp it.† The closest he was going to get to no-mind was to go home and destroy a few million brain cells with a few bottles of wine – not an option. â€Å"You are troubled, Augustus Brine.† The Djinn had been silent for over an hour. At the sound of his voice Brine was startled and almost spilled his coffee. â€Å"It’s the car,† Brine said. â€Å"What if the demon is in the car? There’s no way to know.† â€Å"I will go look.† â€Å"Look? You said he was invisible.† â€Å"I will get in the car and feel around. I will sense him if he is that close.† â€Å"And if he’s there?† â€Å"I will come back and tell you. He cannot harm me.† â€Å"No.† Brine stroked his beard. â€Å"I don’t want them to know we’re here until the last minute. I’ll risk it.† â€Å"I hope you can move fast, Augustus Brine. If Catch sees you, he will be on you in an instant.† â€Å"I can move,† Brine said with a confidence that he did not feel. He felt like a fat, old man – tired and a little wired from too much coffee and not enough sleep. â€Å"The woman!† The Djinn poked Brine with a bony finger. Jenny was coming out of the house in her waitress uniform. She made her way down the front steps and across the shallow front yard to her Toyota. â€Å"At least she’s still alive.† Brine was preparing to move. With Jenny out of the house one of their problems was solved, but there would be little time to act. The demonkeeper could come out at any moment. If their trap was not set, all would be lost. The Toyota turned over twice and died. A cloud of blue smoke coughed out of the exhaust pipe. The engine cranked, caught again, sputtered, and died; blue smoke. â€Å"If she goes back to the house, we have to stop her,† Brine said. â€Å"You will give yourself away. The trap will not work.† â€Å"I can’t let her go back in that house.† â€Å"She is only one woman, Augustus Brine. The demon Catch will kill thousands if he is not stopped.† â€Å"She’s a friend of mine.† The Toyota cranked again weakly, whining like an injured animal, then fired up. Jenny revved the engine and pulled away leaving a trail of oily smoke. â€Å"That’s it,† Brine said. â€Å"Let’s go.† Brine started the truck, pulled forward, and stopped. â€Å"Turn off the engine,† the Djinn said. â€Å"You’re out of your mind. We leave it running.† â€Å"How will you hear the demon if he comes before you are ready?† Begrudgingly, Brine turned off the key. â€Å"Go!† he said. Brine and the Djinn jumped out of the truck and ran around to the bed. Brine dropped the tailgate. There were twenty ten-pound bags of flour, each with a wire sticking out of the top. Brine grabbed a bag in each hand, ran to the middle of the yard, paying out wire behind him as he went. The Djinn wrestled one bag out of the truck and carried it like a babe in his arms to the far corner of the yard. With each trip to the truck Brine could feel panic growing inside him. The demon could be anywhere. Behind him the Djinn stepped on a twig and Brine swung around clutching his chest. â€Å"It is only me,† the Djinn said. â€Å"If the demon is here, he will come after me first. You may have time to escape.† â€Å"Just get these unloaded,† Brine said. Ninety seconds after they had started, the front yard was dotted with flour bags, and a spider web of wires led back to the truck. Brine hoisted the Djinn into the bed of the truck and handed him two lead wires. The Djinn took the wires and crouched over a car battery that Brine had secured to the bed of the truck with duct tape. â€Å"Count ten, then touch the wires to the battery,† Brine said. â€Å"After they go off, start the truck.† Brine turned and ran across the yard to the front steps. The small porch was too close to the ground for Brine to crawl under, so he crouched beside it, covering his face with his arms, counting to himself, â€Å"seven, eight, nine, ten.† Brine braced himself for the explosion. The seal bombs were not powerful enough to cause injury when detonated one at a time, but twenty at once might produce a considerable shock wave. â€Å"Eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, shit!† Brine stood up and tried to see into the bed of the truck. â€Å"The wires, Gian Hen Gian!† â€Å"It is done!† Came the answer. Before Brine could say anything else the explosions began – not a single blast, but a series of blasts like a huge string of firecrackers. For a moment the world turned white with flour. Then storms of flame swirled around the front of the house and mushroomed into the sky as the airborne flour was ignited by successive explosions. The lower branches of the pines were seared and pine needles crackled as they burned. At the sight of the fire storms, Brine dove to the ground and covered his head. When the explosion subsided, he stood and tried to see through the fog of flour, smoke, and soot that hung in the air. You read "Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 24-25" in category "Essay examples" Behind him he heard the front door open. He turned and reached up into the doorway, felt his hand close around the front of a man’s shirt, and yanked back, hoping he was not pulling a demon down off the steps. â€Å"Catch!† the man screamed. â€Å"Catch!† Unable to see though the gritty air, Brine punched blindly at the squirming man. His meaty fist connected with something hard and the man went limp in his arms. Brine heard the truck start. He dragged the unconscious man across the yard toward the sound of the running engine. In the distance a siren began to wail. He bumped into the truck before he saw it. He opened the door and threw the man onto the front seat, knocking Gian Hen Gian against the opposite door. Brine jumped into the truck, put it into gear, and sped out of the doughy conflagration into the light of morning. â€Å"You did not tell me there would be fire,† the Djinn said. â€Å"I didn’t know.† Brine coughed and wiped flour out of his eyes. â€Å"I thought all the charges would go off at once. I forgot that the fuses would burn at different rates. I didn’t know that flour would catch fire – it was just supposed to cover everything so we could see the demon coming.† â€Å"The demon Catch was not there.† Brine was on the verge of losing control. Covered in flour and soot, he looked like an enraged abominable snowman. â€Å"How do you know that? If we didn’t have the cover of the flour, I might be dead now. You didn’t know where he was before. How can you know he wasn’t there? Huh? How do you know?† â€Å"The demonkeeper has lost control of Catch. Otherwise you would not have been able to harm him.† â€Å"Why didn’t you tell me that before? Why don’t you tell me these things in advance?† â€Å"I forgot.† â€Å"I might have been killed.† â€Å"To die in the service of the great Gian Hen Gian – what an honor. I envy you, Augustus Brine.† The Djinn removed his stocking cap, shook off the flour, and held it to his chest in salute. His bald head was the only part of him that was not covered in flour. Augustus Brine began to laugh. â€Å"What is funny?† The Djinn asked. â€Å"You look like a worn brown crayon.† Brine was snorting with laughter. â€Å"King of the Djinn. Give me a break.† â€Å"What’s so funny?† Travis said, groggily. Keeping his left hand on the wheel, Augustus Brine snapped out his right fist and coldcocked the demonkeeper. 25 AMANDA Amanda Elliot told her daughter that she wanted to leave early to beat the Monterey traffic, but the truth was that she didn’t sleep well away from home. The idea of spending another morning in Estelle’s guest room trying to be quiet while waiting for the house to awaken was more than she could stand. She was up at five, dressed and on the road before five-thirty. Estelle stood in the driveway in her nightgown waving as her mother drove away. Over the last few years Amanda’s visits had been tearful and miserable. Estelle could not resist pointing out that each moment she spent with her mother might be the last. Amanda responded, at first, by comforting her daughter and assuring her that she would be around for many more years to come. But as time passed, Estelle refused to let the subject lie, and Amanda answered her concern with pointed comparisons between her own energy level and that of Estelle’s layabout husband, Herb. â€Å"If it weren’t for his finger moving on the remote control you’d never know he was alive at all.† As much as Amanda was irritated by Effrom marauding around the house like an old tomcat, she needed only to think of Herb, permanently affixed to Estelle’s couch, to put her own husband in a favorable light. Compared to Herb, Effrom was Errol Flynn and Douglas Fairbanks rolled into one: a connubial hero. Amanda missed him. She drove five miles per hour over the speed limit, changing lanes aggressively, and checking her mirrors for highway patrol cars. She was an old woman, but she refused to drive like one. She made the hundred miles to Pine Cove in just over an hour and a half. Effrom would be in his workshop now, working on his wood carvings and smoking cigarettes. She wasn’t supposed to know about the cigarettes any more than she was supposed to know that Effrom spent every morning watching the women’s exercise show. Men have to have their secret lives and forbidden pleasures, real or perceived. Cookies snitched from the jar are always sweeter than those served on a plate, and nothing evokes the prurient like puritanism. Amanda played her role for Effrom, staying on his tail, keeping him alert to the possibility of discovery, but never quite catching him in the act. Today she would pull in the driveway and rev the engine, take a long time getting into the house to make sure that Effrom heard her coming so he could take a shot of breath spray to cover the smell of tobacco on his breath. Didn’t it occur to the old fart that she was the one who bought the breath spray and brought it home with the groceries each week? Silly old man. When Amanda entered the house, she noticed an acrid, burnt smell in the air. She had never smelled cordite, so she assumed that Effrom had been cooking. She went to the kitchen expecting to see the ruined remains of one of her frying pans, but the kitchen, except for a few cracker crumbs on the counter, was clean. Maybe the smell was coming from the workshop. Amanda usually avoided going near Effrom’s workshop when he was working, mainly to avoid the sound of the high-speed drills he used for carving, which reminded her of the unpleasantness of the dentist’s office. Today there was no sound coming from the workshop. She knocked on the door, gently, so as not to startle him. â€Å"Effrom, I’m home.† He had to be able to hear her. A chill ran through her. She had imagined finding Effrom cold and stiff a thousand times, but always she was able to push the thought out of her mind. â€Å"Effrom, open this door!† She had never entered the workshop. Except for a few toys that Effrom dragged out at Christmastime to donate to local charities, Amanda never even saw any of the carvings he produced. The workshop was Effrom’s sacred domain. Amanda paused, her hand on the doorknob. Maybe she should call someone. Maybe she should call her granddaughter, Jennifer, and have her come over. If Effrom were dead she didn’t want to face it alone. But what if he was just hurt, lying there on the floor waiting for help. She opened the door. Effrom was not there. She breathed a sigh of relief, then her anxiety returned. Where was he? The workshop’s shelves were filled with carved wooden figures, some only a few inches high, some several feet long. Every one of them was a figure of a nude woman. Hundreds of nude women. She studied each figure, fascinated with this new aspect of her husband’s secret life. The figures were running, reclining, crouching, and dancing. Except for a few figures on the workbench that were still in the rough stage, each of the carvings was polished and oiled and incredibly detailed. And they all had something in common: they were studies of Amanda. Most were of her when she was younger, but they were unmistakably her. Amanda standing, Amanda reclining, Amanda dancing, as if Effrom were trying to preserve her. She felt a scream rising in her chest and tears filling her eyes. She turned away from the carvings and left the workshop. â€Å"Effrom! Where are you, you old fart?† She went from room to room, looking in every corner and closet; no Effrom. Effrom didn’t go for walks. And even if he’d had a car, he didn’t drive anymore. If he had gone somewhere with a friend, he would have left a note. Besides, all his friends were dead: the Pine Cove Poker Club had lost its members, one by one, until solitaire was the only game in town. She went to the kitchen and stood by the phone. Call who? The police? The hospital? What would they say when she told them she had been home almost five minutes and couldn’t find her husband? They would tell her to wait. They wouldn’t understand that Effrom had to be here. He couldn’t be anywhere else. She would call her granddaughter. Jenny would know what to do. She would understand. Amanda took a deep breath and dialed the number. A machine answered the phone. She stood there waiting for the beep. When it came, she tried to keep her voice controlled, â€Å"Jenny, honey, this is Grandma, call me. I can’t find your grandfather.† Then she hung up and began sobbing. The phone rang and Amanda jumped back. She picked it up before the second ring. â€Å"Hello?† â€Å"Oh, good, you’re home.† It was a woman’s voice. â€Å"Mrs. Elliot, you’ve probably seen the bullet hole in your bedroom door. Don’t be frightened. If you listen carefully and follow my instructions, everything will be fine.† How to cite Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 24-25, Essay examples

Peter weirs film Gallipoli Essay Example For Students

Peter weirs film Gallipoli Essay Peter weirs film Gallipoli demonstrates many of the characteristics deemed by Richard white to be part of the Australian type. In the movie Gallipoli it shows the characteristics of independence, Manliness, Fondness of sport, Egalitarianism, Dislike of mental effort, self confidence and a certain lack of respect for authority is all shown in the in the movie Gallipoli. The independence in the film gallipoli is strong in the Australian type. The independence Archie shows in the film had that Archie which was 18 at the time was eager to go to war but you couldnt go until you were older so Archie went to a great deal to get to Gallipoli. Archie showed that he can be independent to succeed. It is interesting to note that manliness is shown a lot in the film. Archie shows that you are a man to fight in war which he went to all extents to get there otherwise he wouldnt be called a man. Men are brave, strong hearted people. Archie had a friend which couldnt ride a horse and he got teased and laughed at because you arent a man if you cant ride a horse. Australians show their manliness in typical ways that men would. Alternatively Australians have a fondness of sport. Australians were so fonded of their sport they were invented football which is known as Aussie Rules which is a mix of Gaelic football and rugby. Archie fondness of sport was running against friends which normal Australians do today. Every Australian has a different fondness of sport. At the start of the movie it shows Archie fondness of sport is running which is part of the Australian type On the other hand all Australians believe that they are all equal because everyone has their difficulties. Australians show that all people should be equal promoting this ideal. Archie shows that he is not better than anyone else he thinks that everyone is equal The dislike for mental effort is part of the Australian type. It is shown in the film Gallipoli Archie wanted to travel to Perth but had no money so he jumped on the train without planning or buying a ticket which is a dislike to mental effort. Australians show this a lot in the movie. Self confidence or what might be regarded by some arrogance is certain dealt within gallipoli. Archie shows this in the start of the movie were he goes cross country bare foot. To show that he can win. Archie is very confident that he can do things he is set. Australians are self confident people. The larrikin who disregards authority is long associated with the Australian type, and is as entwined in Australian legend as that of Anzac. The setting of the film is ideal for weir to demonstrate. Archie was underage but is still trying to join up for war which is a certain lack of respect for authority. Archie doesnt respect his local people. Australians have a little bit of certain lack of respect for authority In conclusion Australians show that they are independent, manliness, have a fondness for sport, egalitarianism, dislike of mental effort, self confidence and a certain lack of respect for authority which is shown in the movie Gallipoli directed by Peter Weir.

Leadership and Change Management of Woolsworth †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Leadership and Change Management of Woolsworth. Answer: Research Methodology The three major types of research philosophies used for conducting a research are positivism, realism and interpretivism. Positivism philosophy allows the researcher to conduct the research based on the quantifiable observation that eventually helps in statistical analysis of the data (Baskerville Wood-Harper, 2016). Realism philosophy provides an opportunity of continuous researching due to the fact that scientific methods can be imperfect at times. Interpretivism philosophy deals with observations using a particular philosophy of studying the concepts of individuals rather than scientific methods (Yanow Schwartz-Shea, 2015). In the case of this research, the researcher has used positivism philosophy as this provided an opportunity of using factual knowledge and testing of the research aim and objectives in a scientific and statistical manner. Therefore, this will help in evaluating the changes and impact of the leadership skills of Woolsworth CEO on the organisation due to continuous changes in the environment. Research Approach Deductive and inductive are the two most widely used research approaches used by researchers while conducting the research. As commented by Clapham et al., (2012), the concept of deductive approach highlights deducing observations and conclusions based on the previously existing concepts and literatures. This helps in achieving the research aim and objectives by supporting from existing literatures. On the contrary, in the case of inductive approach, new theories and concepts are developed based on the observations of the research. As a result, the researcher emphasises more on observations rather than research questions. In this case, the researcher has used a deductive approach as this is most suitable for positivism philosophy. Moreover, the use of deductive approach has also provided an opportunity to test the role of leadership of the Woolsworth CEO and support the observation with previously existing concepts and literatures. Research Design Descriptive, explanatory and exploratory are the three widely used research designs while conducting a research. Explanatory design emphasises more on explaining the reasons of the phenomenon along with the predictions of future occurrences. As mentioned by Creswell (2013), exploratory design evaluates the issues, hypothesis testing and clarifying different concepts related to the topic. However, in the case of descriptive design, a detailed analysis and descriptive study is conducted including both exploratory and explanatory designs. In the case of this current research, descriptive design has been used as this provides an opportunity to clarify the aim and objective of the topic. This will also allow understanding the challenges faced by the Woolsworth CEO while implementing the leadership styles within the organisation. Data Collection Method The two main types of data collection methods are primary and secondary data collection methods. Secondary data collection includes information collected from books and journals. On the contrary, primary data is collected by both qualitative and quantitative methods (Sullivan-Bolyai, Bova Singh, 2012). In this case, qualitative data collection methods have been used in order to understand the impact of leadership on the organisations and its effect due to continuous environmental changes. Sampling Method Probability and non-probability are the two sampling methods used in the case of researches. As mentioned by Cohen, Manion Morrison (2013), probability sampling is the method of sampling that selects the participants randomly. This provides an equal opportunity for the participants to be selected. On the contrary, in the case of non-probability, the participants have no idea of being selected. The participants are selected arbitrarily. In this case, probability sampling technique has been used as Woolsworth CEO are chosen to understand the impact of leadership. Research Strategy There are different types of research strategies that are generally selected based on the kind of research. The different types of research strategies are case study, action research, survey and interviews. In this case, interview has been selected as the research strategy as this has provided an opportunity of developing a deeper understanding of the impact of change in leadership that ultimately helped Woolsworth in gaining competitive advantage in Australian market. Ethical Consideration Ethical considerations have to be followed while conducting a research. According to the ethical considerations, the participants have to participate willingly rather than forcefully to be a part of the research. Moreover, the identity of the participants has to be kept confidential and cannot be disclosed without their consent (Ritchie et al., 2013). Leadership traits: The CEO of Woolworths is responsible for the implementation of both short-term and long-term plans of the company. Woolworths CEO has unveiled his long-term strategies for the food and liquor department with the motive of restoring sales growth up to 4%. While in case of short-term strategies, Woolworths CEO had suggested implementation of a new SAP system so that the reduced sales in the food department due to changes in the Chinese import laws could be solved. The CEO of Woolworths expects the implementation of the new SAP system shall assist in reducing the out-of-stock levels. Woolworths CEO focuses on fixing the basic issues such as high turnover of employees and the out-of-stock levels. The major change brought by Woolworths CEO was implementation of gender equaliy. According to Woolworths CEO, gender equality shall be ensured only with pay equalities. Woolworths had approximately 16000 employees who work full time and the gender pay gap was around 0.5% which the CEO wanted to eradicate. This was necessary to equalise the pay of the women working in Woolworths. Woolworths also aimed at increasing the number of indigenous employees. Woolworths CEO aimed at having the percentage of indigenous staff equivalent to the percentage of indigenous people in the Australian population. The CEO aimed at having 3500 indigenous members in the team. The major aim of including the indigenous staff is to increase the retention rate of the employees. Woolworths CEO also aimed at reducing the food wastes in the operations by associating with charity organizations and providing food to the homeless. This defines the leadership qualities of the Woolworths CEO (Du et al., 2013). Contingency model of leadership: The Fiedlers contingency model of leadership effectiveness lays stress on the relationship between leadership and the performance of the organization. According to the contingency theory, it becomes necessary to assess the leader according to the traits and situations faced by the leader in order to ensure group effectiveness. Considering the need, a least preferred co-worker (LPC) scale was developed and the leaders were asked about the person least likely to work with. The effectiveness of leadership is determined by the leadership style and the favourableness of the situation. Leadership challenges faced by Woolworths: The following are the leadership challenges faced by the company: Supermarket: Woolworths is required to increase its sales and redefine the perception around prices. The sales of the supermarket has witnessed a downfall while Coles sales increased considerably. The earnings of Woolworths collapsed due to the need of cutting down the prices in order to win back the customers. The investors have also been waiting since a long time to witness improvement in the conditions of the company. Therefore, a great challenge lies for the CEO of Woolworths to restore the sales of the supermarket. Restoring market confidence: The CEO of Woolworths faces the biggest challenge of restoring the lost market confidence of the supermarket as it faces tough competition from its competitors. A great responsibility lies with the CEO of Woolworths to rectify the wrong past blunders of themanagement in terms of public relations and ad-hoc strategies. Replacement: The major leadership challenge for the CEO of Woolworths is to find out his own replacement who will be able to manage the company efficiently. Make the business competitive again: The challenge lies with the CEO of Woolworths to make the company competitive again as it used to be the supermarket giant in the past (Maak, Pless Voegtlin, 2016). Conclusion: Therefore, the leadership style to be adopted must be of a collaborator. Equal emphasis must be laid on the task as well as the people. High expectations must be set and the area of concern must be the results. The leader must engage the employees in the decision-making processes to make them feel wanted and important in the organization. The major focus should be on win-win solutions so that Woolworths is able to restore its position within a short span of time. The win-win solution emphasizes on finding a solution that is accepted by both the parties involved. In such a situation, both the parties are the winners and they feel satisfied as they are mutually benefitted from the decision (Gnzel-Jensen et al., 2017). The leader must encourage responsibility in the organization so that the members work as a team in the establishment of the objectives of the organization and achieving common goals. Improvement in the performance of the employees enhances the efficiency of the CEO. This enhancement has the capability of bringing development in the leadership skills of Woolworth CEO. This development has deep correlation with the tag of great man, which enhances the individuality of the CEO (Goleman, Boyatzis McKee, 2013). Therefore, it can be concluded that a good leadership style and behaviour can bring massive changes in the overall profitability of an organization. References Baskerville, R. L., Wood-Harper, A. T. (2016). A critical perspective on action research as a method for information systems research. InEnacting Research Methods in Information Systems: Volume 2(pp. 169-190). Springer International Publishing. Clapham, M., Nevin, O. T., Ramsey, A. D., Rosell, F. (2012). A hypothetico-deductive approach to assessing the social function of chemical signalling in a non-territorial solitary carnivore.PloS one,7(4), e35404. Cohen, L., Manion, L., Morrison, K. (2013).Research methods in education. Routledge. Creswell, J. W. (2013).Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Du, S., Swaen, V., Lindgreen, A., Sen, S. (2013). The roles of leadership styles in corporate social responsibility.Journal of business ethics,114(1), 155-169. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R., McKee, A. (2013).Primal leadership: Unleashing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business Press. Gnzel-Jensen, F., Hansen, J. R., Jakobsen, M. L. F., Wulff, J. (2017). A Two-Pronged Approach? Combined Leadership Styles and Innovative Behavior.International Journal of Public Administration, 1-14. Maak, T., Pless, N. M., Voegtlin, C. (2016). Business Statesman or Shareholder Advocate? CEO Responsible Leadership Styles and the Micro?Foundations of Political CSR.Journal ofManagement Studies,53(3), 463-493. Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., Ormston, R. (Eds.). (2013).Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. Sage. Sullivan-Bolyai, S., Bova, C., Singh, M. D. (2012). Data-collection methods.Nursing Research in Canada: Methods, Critical Appraisal, and Utilization, 287. Yanow, D., Schwartz-Shea, P. (2015).Interpretation and method: Empirical research methods and the interpretive turn. Routledge.